Introducing allergens early doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Research shows that early and consistent exposure can help prevent food allergies and support your baby’s healthy development. 

I remember introducing foods to my daughter for the first time—I was so nervous! I didn’t have the right information or the confidence to do it effectively. If you’re feeling the same way, this article is for you. Don’t let this milestone be stressful—let’s make it exciting! But before we dive in, do you have everything you need at home to get started?

Here are our Top 5 must-have products for introducing solids:

1. Babynetic Bib
2. EZPZ First Foods Set
3. Square Baby 14-Meal Assortment Starter Kit
4. Bobbie Vitamin D Drops
5. BapronBaby® Splash Mat

Now that you're prepped with the right stuff, let's get into it. Here’s what you need to know.

Understanding Food Allergies

Food allergies occur when a baby’s immune system mistakenly sees certain foods as threats, triggering reactions like hives, vomiting, or severe anaphylaxis. The most common allergens—often called the “Big Nine”—include:

• Peanuts

• Tree nuts (almonds, walnuts, cashews, etc.)

• Milk

• Eggs

• Soy

• Wheat

• Fish

• Shellfish

• Sesame

These foods account for most allergic reactions in children. Recognizing early signs and taking preventive steps can reduce the risk of developing allergies.

Signs of Food Allergies

As you introduce new foods, watch for these common symptoms:

• Skin reactions: Hives, redness, swelling, or eczema flare-ups.

• Digestive issues: Vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, or excessive fussiness after eating.

• Breathing problems: Wheezing, coughing, nasal congestion, or difficulty breathing.

• Severe reactions: Throat swelling, weak pulse, anaphylaxis (seek emergency care immediately).

If your baby shows mild symptoms, stop feeding the food and contact your pediatrician. Severe symptoms require immediate medical attention.

What Increases Allergy Risk?

While any baby can develop food allergies, some are at higher risk due to:

• Family history: If parents or siblings have allergies, asthma, or eczema, the risk increases.

• Eczema: Babies with moderate to severe eczema have a higher likelihood of developing food allergies.

• Environmental factors: Pollution, smoke exposure, and household chemicals can affect immune health.

• Vitamin D deficiency: Low levels in pregnancy and infancy may contribute to allergies.

• Antibiotic use: Overuse of antibiotics may alter gut bacteria, influencing immune function.

How to Prevent Food Allergies

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and allergy experts now recommend early allergen introduction (starting at 4–6 months) and continued exposure. Here’s how:

During Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

• Eat a diverse diet: There’s no need to avoid allergenic foods unless you have an allergy yourself.

• Breastfeeding benefits: While breastmilk doesn’t prevent allergies, it supports immune health. Most allergens pass through breastmilk in tiny amounts, and reactions are rare.

Introducing Allergens to Baby

1. Start solids at 4–6 months when your baby shows signs of readiness (sitting up with support, showing interest in food).

2. Introduce allergens early & often: Start with small amounts of peanut butter, scrambled eggs, or yogurt. Wait 2–3 days before trying another allergen.

3. Maintain exposure: Regularly include allergens in your baby’s diet to help maintain tolerance.

4. Prepare foods safely: Mix peanut powder into oatmeal or yogurt instead of giving whole peanuts, which are a choking hazard.

5. Consult your pediatrician if your baby has eczema or a family history of allergies.

Outdated Advice: What’s Changed?

In the past, experts recommended delaying allergens to prevent allergies. However, research—including the LEAP, EAT, and PETIT studies—shows early introduction can reduce the risk by up to 80%.

How a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) Can Help

A Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) can guide you through allergen introduction with:

• Personalized feeding plans tailored to your baby’s needs.

• Evidence-based guidance on allergen introduction and nutrition.

• Monitoring and adjustments based on baby’s reactions.

• Collaboration with your pediatrician to ensure a well-rounded approach.

Can Allergens Pass Through Breastmilk?

Yes, small amounts of allergens can pass through breastmilk, but reactions are rare. According to the AAP, only 2–3% of exclusively breastfed babies show allergic reactions, often to cow’s milk in their mother’s diet. If you suspect a reaction, consult your pediatrician.

Guidelines for Introducing Peanuts

• High-risk babies (eczema, egg allergy): Introduce peanuts at 4–6 months under medical supervision.

• Moderate-risk babies: Introduce peanuts at 6 months at home.

• Low-risk babies: Introduce freely when starting solids.

Research from the LEAP study suggests feeding 6g of peanut protein per week (about 2g, three times per week) can reduce peanut allergy risk by up to 80%.

Safe Allergen Introduction: Practical Tips

1. Introduce one allergen at a time. Wait a few days before adding another.

2. Choose appropriate textures. Use smooth peanut butter or finely ground nuts.

3. Watch for mild symptoms. Redness or mild rash may occur but should resolve quickly.

4. Be consistent. Once introduced, regularly include allergens in baby’s diet.

5. Know when to seek help. Severe reactions (swelling, difficulty breathing) require emergency care.

Early Introduction Supports Healthy Eating

By incorporating allergens early and maintaining exposure, you’re not only reducing allergy risk but also encouraging a varied and balanced diet. With proper guidance, allergen introduction can be a stress-free, positive experience.

Thank you to our co-contributors to this article, Katie & Kendall, Cofounders and Chief Mamas, Square Baby

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not replace medical advice. Always consult your pediatrician before introducing allergens or making dietary changes.